legn-20fa_20211231.htm
20-F/A true FY 0001801198 --12-31 LEGN E9 1 P2Y 0 1 0 The British Virgin Islands June 2, 2015 Hong Kong June 3, 2015 PRC* November 17, 2014 Manufacture and sale of life science research products and services United States of America August 31, 2017 Manufacture and sale of life science research products and services Ireland November 13, 2017 Manufacture and sale of life science research products and services Belgium June 23, 2021 Manufacture and sale of life science research products and services PRC October 25, 2021 Life science research and development 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.333 2019-12-25 2019-07-01 2019-12-31 2020-07-02 2020-11-29 2021-06-05 2021-09-01 2021-11-19 2022-03-29 2022-08-27 2027-12-25 2028-08-29 2028-12-30 2029-07-01 2029-11-28 2030-06-04 2030-08-31 2030-11-18 2031-03-28 2031-08-26 2019-12-25 2019-07-01 2019-12-31 2020-07-02 2020-11-29 2021-06-05 2021-09-01 2021-11-19 2019-12-25 2019-07-01 2019-12-31 2020-07-02 2020-11-29 2027-12-25 2028-08-29 2028-12-30 2029-07-01 2029-11-28 2030-06-04 2030-08-31 2030-11-18 2027-12-25 2028-08-29 2028-12-30 2029-07-01 2029-11-28 0.732 0.730 0.664 0.0003 0.0007 0.0198 0.764 0.872 0.803 0.0172 0.0091 0.0269 0001801198 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 xbrli:shares 0001801198 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:AmericanDepositarySharesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 dei:BusinessContactMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 iso4217:USD 0001801198 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 iso4217:USD xbrli:shares 0001801198 2020-12-31 0001801198 2020-01-01 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember legn:InitialPublicOfferingMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember legn:InitialPublicOfferingMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:InitialPublicOfferingMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember legn:PrivatePlacementByGenscriptMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:PrivatePlacementByGenscriptMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember legn:FollowOnPublicOfferingMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember legn:FollowOnPublicOfferingMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:FollowOnPublicOfferingMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechLimitedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechHKLimitedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingLegendBiotechnologyCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechUSAIncorporatedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechIrelandLimitedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechBelgiumBVMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:HainanChuanjiBiotechnologyCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechLimitedMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechHKLimitedMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingLegendBiotechnologyCoLtdMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LegendBiotechBelgiumBVMember 2021-12-31 xbrli:pure 0001801198 legn:JanssenAgreementMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 legn:PerformanceObligation 0001801198 2018-01-01 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:RevenueRecognitionMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:TaxImpactsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:TaxImpactsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:RevenueRecognitionMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:RevenueRecognitionMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:TaxImpactsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:RevenueRecognitionMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:TaxImpactsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:RevenueRecognitionMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:TaxImpactsMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2020-01-01 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-01-01 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2020-01-01 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:RevenueRecognitionMember 2020-01-01 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember legn:TaxImpactsMember 2020-01-01 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:SharePremiumMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfSharebasedPaymentsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:FinancialEffectOfCorrectionsOfAccountingErrorsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:PreviouslyStatedMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 legn:FreeholdLandMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LeaseholdLandMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:BuildingImprovementMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:BuildingImprovementMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember ifrs-full:OfficeEquipmentMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:OfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:SpecifiedManufacturingMilestonesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:SpecifiedDevelopmentMilestonesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:SpecifiedRegulatoryMilestonesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:SpecifiedNetTradeSalesMilestonesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareOptionAndRestrictedStockUnitSchemeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareOptionAndRestrictedStockUnitSchemeMember 2018-01-01 2018-12-31 legn:Milestone 0001801198 legn:CARTITUDE1ClinicalTrialMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CiltaCelMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:SpecifiedFutureDevelopmentMilestonesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherCountriesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherCountriesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingProbioBiotechCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LicensingOfIntellectualPropertyMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LicensingOfIntellectualPropertyMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:LicensingOfIntellectualPropertyMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:USAndNonUSTerritoriesMember legn:LicensingOfIntellectualPropertyMember legn:JanssenAgreementMember 2015-05-27 2015-05-27 0001801198 legn:USAndNonUSTerritoriesMember legn:LicensingOfIntellectualPropertyMember legn:JanssenAgreementMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ProfitLossBeforeTaxArrivedAfterChargingAndCreditingMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ProfitLossBeforeTaxArrivedAfterChargingAndCreditingMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ProfitLossBeforeTaxArrivedAfterChargingAndCreditingMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 iso4217:HKD 0001801198 country:HK 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:HK 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:HK 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:US 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 stpr:NJ 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 stpr:NJ 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 stpr:NJ 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 country:IE 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:IE 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:IE 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 country:BE 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherThanUSMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherThanUSMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherThanUSMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerFixturesAndOfficeEquipmentMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ConstructionInProgressMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:VehiclesMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember ifrs-full:GrossCarryingAmountMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember ifrs-full:AccumulatedDepreciationAndAmortisationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:ComputerSoftwareMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerAndOfficeEquipmentMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerAndOfficeEquipmentMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerAndOfficeEquipmentMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerAndOfficeEquipmentMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BuildingsMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:MachineryMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ComputerAndOfficeEquipmentMember legn:CollaborationAssetsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LandMember legn:RightOfUseAssetsExcludingCollaborationMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2021-12-31 legn:ParkingSpace 0001801198 ifrs-full:NotLaterThanOneYearMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:NotLaterThanOneYearMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:SeriesAConvertibleRedeemablePreferredSharesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:SeriesAConvertibleRedeemablePreferredSharesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LicenseAndCollaborationAgreementMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:LicenseAndCollaborationAgreementMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingProbioBiotechCoLtdMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:PrepaymentsOtherReceivablesAndOtherAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:PrepaymentsOtherReceivablesAndOtherAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherReceivablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherReceivablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:PrepaymentMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:PrepaymentMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:FinancialAssetsMeasuredAtAmortizedCostMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CommercialPaperIssuedByFinancialInstitutionMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CommercialPaperIssuedByFinancialInstitutionMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 currency:USD 2021-12-31 0001801198 currency:USD 2020-12-31 0001801198 currency:CNY 2021-12-31 0001801198 currency:CNY 2020-12-31 0001801198 currency:EUR 2021-12-31 0001801198 currency:EUR 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RelatedPartiesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RelatedPartiesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationRevenueMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceAllowanceInExcessOfRelatedDepreciationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationRevenueMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceAllowanceInExcessOfRelatedDepreciationMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RightofuseAssetsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationRevenueMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceAllowanceInExcessOfRelatedDepreciationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RightofuseAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationRevenueMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceAllowanceInExcessOfRelatedDepreciationMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:RightofuseAssetsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CollaborationRevenueMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceAllowanceInExcessOfRelatedDepreciationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:UnusedTaxLossesMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceInIntangibleAssetsAmortizationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ResearchAndDevelopmentMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:UnusedTaxLossesMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceInIntangibleAssetsAmortizationMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:AccruedExpenseMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ResearchAndDevelopmentMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:UnusedTaxLossesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceInIntangibleAssetsAmortizationMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:AccruedExpenseMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ResearchAndDevelopmentMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:UnusedTaxLossesMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceInIntangibleAssetsAmortizationMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:AccruedExpenseMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ResearchAndDevelopmentMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:UnusedTaxLossesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:DifferenceInIntangibleAssetsAmortizationMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:AccruedExpenseMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:HK 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:HK 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:CN 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:IE 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:IE 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:BE 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:BE 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:CN ifrs-full:SubsidiariesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:CN ifrs-full:SubsidiariesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 country:US ifrs-full:SubsidiariesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 country:US ifrs-full:SubsidiariesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 2021-05-13 0001801198 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 0001801198 us-gaap:WarrantMember 2021-05-13 0001801198 legn:ThreePointZeroThreeInterestBearingLoansMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ThreePointZeroThreeInterestBearingLoansMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 2021-06-18 0001801198 2021-09-17 0001801198 2021-12-17 0001801198 ifrs-full:OrdinarySharesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:OrdinarySharesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareCapitalMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareCapitalMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareCapitalMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareCapitalMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:ShareCapitalMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:OrdinarySharesMember 2021-12-20 0001801198 ifrs-full:OrdinarySharesMember 2021-12-20 2021-12-20 0001801198 legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroSixZeroFiveToTwoThousandThirtyZeroSixZeroFourMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroNineZeroOneToTwoThousandThirtyZeroEightThirtyOneMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneElevenNineteenToTwoThousandThirtyElevenEighteenMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyTwoThreeTwentyNineToTwoThousandThirtyOneThreeThirtyEightMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyTwoEightTwentySevenToTwoThousandThirtyOneEightTwentySixMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroSixZeroFiveToTwoThousandThirtyZeroSixZeroFourMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroNineZeroOneToTwoThousandThirtyZeroEightThirtyOneMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneElevenNineteenToTwoThousandThirtyElevenEighteenMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyTwoThreeTwentyNineToTwoThousandThirtyOneThreeThirtyEightMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyTwoEightTwentySevenToTwoThousandThirtyOneEightTwentySixMember ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroSixZeroFiveToTwoThousandThirtyZeroSixZeroFourMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroNineZeroOneToTwoThousandThirtyZeroEightThirtyOneMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneElevenNineteenToTwoThousandThirtyElevenEighteenMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyTwoThreeTwentyNineToTwoThousandThirtyOneThreeThirtyEightMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyTwoEightTwentySevenToTwoThousandThirtyOneEightTwentySixMember ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroSixZeroFiveToTwoThousandThirtyZeroSixZeroFourMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroNineZeroOneToTwoThousandThirtyZeroEightThirtyOneMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneElevenNineteenToTwoThousandThirtyElevenEighteenMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroSixZeroFiveToTwoThousandThirtyZeroSixZeroFourMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroNineZeroOneToTwoThousandThirtyZeroEightThirtyOneMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneElevenNineteenToTwoThousandThirtyElevenEighteenMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroSixZeroFiveToTwoThousandThirtyZeroSixZeroFourMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneZeroNineZeroOneToTwoThousandThirtyZeroEightThirtyOneMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyOneElevenNineteenToTwoThousandThirtyElevenEighteenMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwentyNineteenTwelveTwentyFiveToTwentyTwentySevenTwelveTwentyFiveMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenSevenOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightEightTwentyNineMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandNineteenTwelveThirtyOneToTwoThousandTwentyEightTwelveThirtyMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyZeroSevenZeroTwoToTwoThousandTwentyNineZeroSevenZeroOneMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember legn:TwoThousandTwentyElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandTwentyNineElevenTwentyEightMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:TwoThousandNineteenElevenTwentyNineToTwoThousandNineteenTwelveNineMember legn:GenscriptGroupMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:BottomOfRangeMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TopOfRangeMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 legn:Year 0001801198 legn:BinomialModelMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:BinomialModelMember ifrs-full:OrdinarySharesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:BinomialModelMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 2020-05-26 2020-05-26 0001801198 legn:RestrictedStockUnitsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:RestrictedStockUnitsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:RestrictedStockUnitsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:RestrictedStockUnitsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:RestrictedStockPlanMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:RestrictedStockPlanMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingProbioBiotechCoLtdAndJiangsuGenScriptProbioBiotechCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesAndAccrualsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesAndAccrualsMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesAndAccrualsMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:ConvertibleRedeemablePreferredSharesMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechCorporationMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesToRelatedPartiesMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesToRelatedPartiesMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesToRelatedPartiesMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2018-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesToRelatedPartiesMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 2021-09-01 2021-09-30 utr:sqft 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingBestzymeBioengineeringCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptBiotechCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptHongKongLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAHoldingsIncMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechNetherlandsBVMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptProbioBiotechCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptNetherlandsMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechCorporationMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptNanjingCoLtdMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptBiotechCoLtdMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptBiotechCoLtdMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechNetherlandsBVMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAHoldingsIncMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptHongKongLtdMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechCorporationMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptNanjingCoLtdMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:JinsikangTechnologyNanjingCoLtdMember 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:JinsikangTechnologyNanjingCoLtdMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechCorporationMember legn:FollowOnPublicOfferingMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptBiotechCorporationMember legn:FollowOnPublicOfferingMember 2021-12-20 0001801198 legn:NanjingProbioBiotechCoLtdMember legn:TradeReceivableMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember legn:OtherReceivablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember legn:OtherReceivablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember legn:OtherReceivablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember legn:OtherReceivablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptProbioBiotechCoLtdMember legn:PrepaymentMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingProbioBiotechCoLtdMember legn:PrepaymentMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingProbioBiotechCoLtdMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptBiotechCoLtdMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:JiangsuGenscriptBiotechCoLtdMember legn:TradePayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TradePayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TradePayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember legn:OtherPayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember legn:OtherPayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAIncorporatedMember legn:OtherPayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:OtherPayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:NanjingGenScriptBiotechCoLimitedMember ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:GenscriptUSAHoldingsIncMember ifrs-full:LeaseLiabilitiesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TradeReceivablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:FinancialAssetsIncludedInPrepaymentsOtherReceivablesAndOtherAssetsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseReceivablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TimeDepositsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:PledgedDepositsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:CashAndCashEquivalentMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:TradeAndNotesPayablesMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:FinancialLiabilitiesIncludedInOtherPayablesAndAccrualsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:InterestBearingLoanAndBorrowingsMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 legn:WarrantsLiabilityMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:TradeReceivablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:FinancialAssetsIncludedInPrepaymentsOtherReceivablesAndOtherAssetsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LeaseReceivablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TimeDepositsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:PledgedDepositsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:CashAndCashEquivalentMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:TradeAndNotesPayablesMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 legn:FinancialLiabilitiesIncludedInOtherPayablesAndAccrualsMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:WarrantyContingentLiabilityMember ifrs-full:Level2OfFairValueHierarchyMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:WarrantyContingentLiabilityMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarStrengthensAgainstRMBMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarWeakensAgainstRMBMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarStrengthensAgainstEURMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarWeakensAgainstEURMember 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarStrengthensAgainstRMBMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarWeakensAgainstRMBMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarStrengthensAgainstEURMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarWeakensAgainstEURMember 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarStrengthensAgainstRMBMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarWeakensAgainstRMBMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarStrengthensAgainstEURMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:CurrencyRiskMember legn:USDollarWeakensAgainstEURMember 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:NotLaterThanOneYearMember ifrs-full:LiquidityRiskMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LiquidityRiskMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LaterThanOneYearMember ifrs-full:LiquidityRiskMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:NotLaterThanOneYearMember ifrs-full:LiquidityRiskMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LiquidityRiskMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:LaterThanOneYearMember ifrs-full:LiquidityRiskMember 2020-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:EquityPriceRiskMember 2021-12-31 0001801198 ifrs-full:EquityPriceRiskMember 2020-12-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Amendment No. 1)

(Mark One)

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

OR

 

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number: 001-39307

LEGEND BIOTECH CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

Legend Biotech Corporation

2101 Cottontail Lane

Somerset, NJ 08873

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Ying Huang, Ph.D.

Chief Executive Officer

Legend Biotech Corporation

2101 Cottontail Lane

Somerset, NJ 08873

Telephone: (737) 317-5050

(Name, telephone, email and/or facsimile number and address of Company contact person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Trading Symbol(s)

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

American depositary shares, each representing two ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share

 

LEGN

 

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share*

 

 

 

Nasdaq Global Select Market

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of the American depositary shares.

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report:

308,456,852 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes No

Note-checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large Accelerated Filer

 

Accelerated Filer

Non-Accelerated Filer

 

Emerging Growth Company

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP

 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board

 

Other

 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 Item 18

If this is an Annual Report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

 

 

 


 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

 

Legend Biotech Corporation ( “Legend Biotech”, “Legend”, “we”, “our”, “ours”, “us”, or  the “Company”) is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 20-F/A (the “Form 20-F/A”, “Amendment No. 1”, or “Amended Annual Report”) to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which was originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 31, 2022 (the “Original 20-F”) to (i) address comments from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC on the Original 20-F and (ii) to amend and restate (the “Restatement”) its audited financial statements as at December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (the “Audited Affected Financials”).  

 

Background of the Restatement  

As previously reported, on October 19, 2022, the audit committee (the “Audit Committee”) of Legend Biotech, based on the recommendation of, and after consultation with, the Company’s management, concluded that the Company’s previously issued Audited Affected Financials and the Company’s financial statements for the interim period ended March 31, 2022 should no longer be relied upon.  The Company determined that the original valuation of the commercial license for cilta-cel (the “Commercial License”) pursuant to its worldwide collaboration and license agreement with Janssen Biotech, Inc. (“Janssen”) was understated and was a single performance obligation and, as a result, the accounting for revenue recognition in the Audited Affected Financials was materially incorrect.

 

As a result of the Restatement, the Company has concluded there was a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, and its disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. See additional discussion included in Part II, Item 15 of this Amended Annual Report. The Restatement adjustments also affect periods prior to the Original 20-F and such adjustments have been reflected in the restated opening stockholders’ equity balances as of January 1, 2019.  Also, as previously disclosed, management determined that its report regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) contained in the Original 20-F, and Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP (“EYHM”), the Company’s independent registered accounting firm as of December 31, 2021, has determined its opinion relating to the effectiveness of the Company’s ICFR as of December 31, 2021 included in the Original 20-F, should not be relied upon. The impact of the Restatement is more fully described in Note 2.2 to the Company’s restated consolidated financial statements included in Part III, Item 18 of this Amended Annual Report.   

 

Items Amended

 

This Form 20-F/A includes changes to: (1) Part I, Item 3 – Key Information, including Item 3D – Risk Factors, (2) Part I, Item 4 – Information on the Company, (3) Part I, Item 5 – Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, (4) Part II, Item 15 – Controls and Procedures, (5) Part III, Item 18 – Financial Statements and (6) Part III, Item 19 – Exhibits. See below and 2.2 Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part III, Item 18 of this Form 20-F/A for a detailed discussion of the changes made as a result of the Restatement.

 

As required by Rule 12b-15 under the Securities and Exchange Act, as amended, Part III Item 19 of the Original 20-F has been amended to include updated certifications from Legend Biotech’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to Sections 906 and 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which are attached to this Form 20-F/A as Exhibits 12.1, 12.2, 13.1 and 13.2, respectively.

 

Except as otherwise noted, this Amendment No. 1 does not amend, update or change any other disclosures in the Original 20-F and does not reflect events occurring after the filing of the Original 20-F. Among other things, forward-looking statements made in the Original 20-F have not been revised to reflect events, results or developments that occurred or facts that became known to us after the date of the Original 20-F, other than with respect to the Restatement, and such forward-looking statements should be read in conjunction with our filings with the SEC, including those subsequent to the filing of the Original 20-F.

 

Substantially concurrently with the filing of this Amendment No. 1, the Company is filing an amendment to its Form 6-K related to the Company’s interim financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

 

 

 

i

 


 

 

 

LEGEND BIOTECH CORPORATION

FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

Page

PART I

 

 

 

Item 1.

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

4

Item 2.

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

4

Item 3.

Key Information

4

Item 4.

Information On The Company

91

Item 4A.

Unresolved Staff Comments

154

Item 5.

Operating And Financial Review And Prospects

155

Item 6.

Directors, Senior Management And Employees

173

Item 7.

Major Shareholders And Related Party Transactions

184

Item 8.

Financial Information

188

Item 9.

The Offer And Listing

189

Item 10.

Additional Information

189

Item 11.

Quantitative And Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

197

Item 12.

Description Of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

197

 

 

 

PART II

 

 

 

Item 13.

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages And Delinquencies

200

Item 14.

Material Modifications To The Rights Of Security Holders And Use Of Proceeds

200

Item 15.

Controls And Procedures

201

Item 16.

Reserved

203

Item 16A.

Audit Committee Financial Expert

203

Item 16B.

Code Of Ethics

203

Item 16C.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

203

Item 16D.

Exemptions From The Listing Standards For Audit Committees

204

Item 16E.

Purchases Of Equity Securities By The Issuer And Affiliated Purchasers

204

Item 16F.

Change In Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

204

Item 16G.

Corporate Governance

204

Item 16H.

Mine Safety Disclosure

204

 

 

 

PART III

 

 

 

Item 17.

Financial Statements

205

Item 18.

Financial Statements

205

Item 19.

Exhibits

205

SIGNATURES

207

 

 

 

ii

 


 

CERTAIN INFORMATION

In this Annual Report on Form 20-F, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, “Legend Biotech” refers to Legend Biotech Corporation, a Cayman Islands holding company, “PRC subsidiaries” refer to Legend Biotech’s subsidiaries incorporated in the PRC (as defined below) and “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer to Legend Biotech and its consolidated subsidiaries.  References to “GenScript” or “Genscript” refer to Genscript Biotech Corporation, our majority stockholder.

This Annual Report on Form 20-F contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this Annual Report on Form 20-F could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. Unless otherwise noted, translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars in this Annual Report are made based on an exchange rate of RMB 6.38 to $1.00, which is the exchange rate as of December 31, 2021 as published by The People’s Bank of China.

Various amounts and percentages set out in this document have been rounded and, accordingly, may account for apparent discrepancies in the tables appearing herein. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report to:

 

“ADSs” are to the American depositary shares, each of which represents two of our ordinary shares;

 

“ADRs” are to the American depositary receipts that evidence the ADSs;

 

“China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, and solely in the context of describing PRC rules, laws, regulations and other legal and tax matters, excludes rules, laws, regulations and other legal and tax matters of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, however, the legal and operational risks discussed by the Company with respect to operating in the PRC throughout this filing also apply to Hong Kong and Macau; “Greater China” does not exclude the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan;

 

“ordinary shares” are to ordinary shares of our company, par value $0.0001 per share;

 

“Renminbi” or “RMB” refers to the legal currency of the PRC;

 

“Series A Preference Shares” are to the Series A preference shares, par value $0.0001 per share; and

 

“US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” or “dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States.

For our organization structure as of the date of this annual report, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”

MARKET, INDUSTRY AND OTHER DATA

This Annual Report contains estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business and the markets for our product candidates, including data regarding the estimated size of such markets and the incidence of certain medical conditions. We obtained the industry, market and similar data set forth in this Annual Report from our internal estimates and research and from academic and industry research, publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties, including governmental agencies. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which this data is derived. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances that are assumed in this information. While we believe that the data we use from third parties are reliable, we have not separately verified this data. Further, while we believe that our internal research is reliable, such research has not been verified by any third party. You are cautioned not to give undue weight to any such information, projections and estimates.

TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS

“Legend Biotech,” the Legend logo and other trademarks or service marks of the Company appearing in this Annual Report on Form 20-F are the property of the Company. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this Annual Report on Form 20-F are the property of their respective holders.

 

1

 


CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of present and historical facts and conditions are forward-looking statements.  Such forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations and views of future events, but are not assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, our operational results and other future conditions. The forward-looking statements appear in a number of places throughout this Annual Report on Form 20-F and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies and the industry in which we operate.

Forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases, such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs.  These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to:

 

the ability to effectively manufacture, market and sell CARVYKTI™;

 

the market opportunity for and potential for commercial success of CARVYKTI™;

 

potential effects of treatment with CARVYKTI™;

 

the ability of our clinical trials to demonstrate acceptable safety and efficacy of our product candidates, and other positive results;

 

the timing, progress and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials for product candidates we may develop, including statements regarding the timing of initiation and completion of studies or trials and related preparatory work, the period during which the results of the trials will become available, and our research and development programs;

 

the timing, scope and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including final regulatory approval of our product candidates;

 

our ability to achieve specified milestones under our collaboration with Janssen Biotech for cilta-cel;

 

our ability to develop and advance our current product candidates and programs into, and successfully complete, clinical trials;

 

our manufacturing, commercialization, and marketing capabilities and strategy;

 

our plans relating to commercializing our product candidates, if approved, including the geographic areas of focus and sales strategy;

 

the need to hire additional personnel and our ability to attract, retain and motivate such personnel;

 

the size of the market opportunity for our product candidates, including our estimates of the number of patients who suffer from the diseases we are targeting;

 

our expectations regarding the approval and use of our product candidates as first, second or subsequent lines of therapy or in combination with other drugs;

 

our competitive position and the success of competing therapies that are or may become available;

 

our estimates of the number of patients that we will enroll in our clinical trials;

 

the beneficial characteristics, safety, efficacy and therapeutic effects of our product candidates;

 

our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of our product candidates;

 

our plans relating to the further development of our product candidates, including additional indications we may pursue;

 

2

 


 

our intellectual property position, including the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering product candidates we may develop, including the extensions of existing patent terms where available, the validity of intellectual property rights held by third parties, and our ability not to infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any third-party intellectual property rights;

 

our continued reliance on third parties to conduct additional clinical trials of our product candidates, and for the manufacture of our product candidates for preclinical studies and clinical trials;

 

our ability to obtain, and negotiate favorable terms of, any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements that may be necessary or desirable to develop, manufacture or commercialize our product candidates;

 

the pricing and reimbursement of the product candidates we may develop, if approved;

 

information about the prices and availability of labor, transportation and raw materials, including as a result of inflation, and our ability to obtain them in a timely manner;

 

our exposure to and the potential impact of risks inherent in our foreign operations, including currency fluctuations, exchange controls and pricing restrictions;

 

the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of our product candidates we may develop;

 

the effectiveness of our key information technology systems, networks, processes or related controls or those of our service providers;

 

our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

 

our financial performance;

 

our ability to consistently maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

 

changes in tax laws and the resolution of tax contingencies resulting in additional tax liabilities;

 

the period over which we estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our future operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements;

 

the impact of United States or foreign laws and regulations on the Company’s operations, including the impact of tariffs;

 

the effect of epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or other business disruptions on our business, including, without limitation, our ability to manage the demand, supply and operational challenges associated with the actual or perceived effects of such pandemics; and

 

our anticipated use of our existing resources and the proceeds from our initial public offering.

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Many important factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors” as well as other known and unknown risks and uncertainties, may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 20-F, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data. You should read thoroughly this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 20-F relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the documents that we refer to and have filed as exhibits completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

 

3

 


PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not Applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not Applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

Our Holding Company Structure and China Operations

Legend Biotech is a Cayman Islands holding company and not a Chinese operating company. We operate through our operating subsidiaries located primarily in the United States, PRC and European Union. Our operations in the PRC, in addition to our business presence elsewhere in the world, are enabled by our subsidiaries based therein. Investors in our ADSs do not hold equity securities of our operating subsidiaries but hold equity securities of a Cayman Islands holding company. See “Item 4—Information On The Company—C. Organizational Structure Chart” for an illustration of our corporate structure.

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties associated with having a portion of our operations in China and the complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. For example, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals or filing requirements on offerings conducted outside of the PRC and investment by individuals or entities outside of the PRC (“non-PRC investors”) in issuers with operations in China, anti-monopoly regulatory actions and oversight on cybersecurity, data privacy and genetic information, if we fail to comply with relevant regulatory requirements, which may negatively impact our ability to conduct certain businesses, access investments by non-PRC investors or list on stock exchanges outside of the PRC. If we fail to comply with these regulatory requirements on our offerings and investments outside the PRC, the PRC could take action against the assets of our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our operations in the PRC. As a result, these risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs, significantly limit, delay or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline.

Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. The PRC governmental authorities have significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business in China, and it may intervene in or influence our operations at any time where we are not or might not be compliant with PRC laws or regulations, which could result in a material adverse change in our operation and/or the value of our ADSs. Also, the PRC governmental authorities have recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted outside of the PRC and/or investment by non-PRC investors in issuers with operations in China. Any such action could result in actions taken against the assets of our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our operations in the PRC, and could significantly limit, delay or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline. In addition, the implementation of industry-wide regulations directly targeting our operations could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline. Therefore, our shareholders and our business face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC governmental authorities affecting our business in the PRC.

The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to a significant degree of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies and courts. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the non-precedential nature of these decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. Therefore, it is possible that our existing operations may be found not to be in full compliance with relevant laws

 

4

 


and regulations in the future. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on governmental policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may be a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation.

Recently, the PRC government has indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted outside of the PRC and/or investment by non-PRC investors in issuers with operations in China, and initiated a series of regulatory actions and made a number of public statements, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over companies with operations in China to be listed outside of the PRC, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. As a result, risks to our business arise from, among other things, PRC governmental authorities’ significant oversight and discretion over the business and financing activities of our PRC subsidiaries, the complex and evolving PRC legal system, frequent changes in laws, regulations and government policies, uncertainties and inconsistencies regarding the interpretation and enforcement of laws and regulations, uncertainties, difficulties or delays in obtaining regulatory approvals or completing filing procedures for listing on a non-PRC stock exchange or conducting certain business activities and increasing oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy related to the PRC government’s recently issued statements and instituted regulatory actions and could result in actions taken against the assets of our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our operations in the PRC, and could significantly limit, delay or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline. Uncertainties in the PRC legal system and the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and regulations could limit the legal protection available to you and us, significantly limit, delay or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer the ADSs, result in a material adverse effect on our business operations, and damage our reputation, which might further cause the ADSs to significantly decline in value.

For a detailed description of the risks associated with our operations in China, see “—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

On December 16, 2021, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) issued a report on its determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong because of positions taken by local authorities. The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”), was signed into law on December 18, 2020. In accordance with the HFCA Act, trading in our ADSs on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States may be prohibited if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditor for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, and, as a result, an exchange may determine to delist our ADS.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments implementing the disclosure and submission requirements under the HFCA Act, pursuant to which the SEC will (i) identify an issuer as a “Commission-Identified Issuer” if the issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of the position taken by the authority in the foreign jurisdiction and (ii) impose a trading prohibition on the issuer after it is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years. In addition, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill on the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “AHFCAA”), which would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on a U.S. stock exchange if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three. On February 4, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill which contained, among others, an identical provision. If this provision is enacted into law and the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions is reduced from three to two, then the time period before the issuer’s securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted could be reduced. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) and the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, taking the first step toward opening access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. While significant, the Statement of Protocol is only a first step. Uncertainties still exist as to whether and how this new Statement of Protocol will be implemented.  On December 29, 2022, President Biden signed the “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated

 

5

 


Appropriations Act”), into law. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.

 

Our auditor for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP, is an independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included elsewhere in this annual report. The PCAOB previously identified Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP as one of the registered public accounting firms that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely and we were conclusively identified as a “Commission-Identified Issuer” on May 4, 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to conduct inspections and investigations completely of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022. The PCAOB vacated its previous 2021 determinations accordingly.  While vacating those determinations, the PCAOB noted that, should it encounter any impediment to conducting an inspection or investigation of auditors in mainland China or Hong Kong as a result of a position taken by any authority there, the PCAOB would act to immediately reconsider the need to issue new determinations consistent with the HFCA Act and PCAOB’s Rule 6100. On May 3, 2022, our Audit Committee (i) resolved that Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP would resign as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the audits of the Company’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting to be filed with the SEC, effective on June 1, 2022 and (ii) approved the engagement of Ernst & Young LLP, located in the United States, as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the audits of the Company’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 to be filed with the SEC and the Company subsequently entered into an engagement letter with Ernst & Young LLP. However, there are no guarantees that engaging Ernst & Young LLP will remove us from being a “Commission-Identified Issuer”.  Ernst & Young LLP must still be able to produce any audit work papers upon any PCAOB inspection or investigative demand and make any relevant audit personnel available to the PCAOB upon inspection or investigative demand. The failure of Ernst & Young LLP to meet any of its legal or professional obligations with respect to PCAOB inspection and investigative demands, or the failure of the Ernst & Young LLP to comply with all applicable audit standards could result in significant liability for us or result in the delisting of our securities pursuant to the HFCA Act.      

The delisting of our securities, or the threat of such securities being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. For a detailed description of the related risks, see “—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China— The audit report included in this Annual Report is prepared by an auditor who is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, and, as such, our investors are deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Our ADSs may be delisted under the HFCA Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for three consecutive years as we were identified by the SEC as a Commission-Identified Issuer on May 4, 2022, or two consecutive years if the AHFCAA is enacted. The delisting of our securities, or the threat of our securities being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives investors of the benefits of such inspections.”.   See “—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.” Ernst & Young LLP must still be able to produce any audit work papers upon any PCAOB inspection or investigative demand and making any relevant audit personnel available to the PCAOB upon inspection or investigative demand. The failure of Ernst & Young LLP to meet any of its legal or professional obligations with respect to PCAOB inspection and investigative demands, or the failure of the Ernst & Young LLP to comply with all applicable audit standards could result in significant liability for us or result in the delisting of our securities pursuant to the HFCA Act.      

Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations

Each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to obtain, and has obtained, a business license issued by local counterparts of the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR. As of the date of this Amendment No. 1 and to our knowledge, our PRC subsidiaries have obtained the requisite licenses and permits from the PRC government authorities that are material for their business operations in China. However, given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations and the enforcement practice by government authorities, we cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in the PRC.

 

6

 


In connection with our previous issuance of securities to investors in stock markets outside the PRC, under current PRC laws, regulations and regulatory rules, as of the date of this Amendment No. 1, we and our PRC subsidiaries, (i) are not required to obtain permissions from the CSRC, (ii) are not required to go through cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, and (iii) to our knowledge, we have not received or were denied such requisite permissions by any PRC authority. However, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted outside the PRC and/or investment by non-PRC investors in issuers with operations in China.

We have been closely monitoring regulatory developments in China regarding any necessary permissions or approvals from the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC regulatory authorities for our operations in China. However, there are uncertainties as to the related interpretation and implementation of regulatory requirements, and the biopharmaceutical industry in the PRC is highly regulated and such regulations are subject to change. Therefore, it is uncertain whether we or our PRC subsidiaries will be required to obtain additional approvals, licenses, or permits, or complete additional filing procedures in connection with our business operations pursuant to the evolving PRC laws and regulations, and whether we would be able to obtain and renew such approvals, licenses, or permits, or complete such filing procedures in a timely manner or at all. Any failure by us or our PRC subsidiaries, even inadvertently, to maintain compliance with applicable PRC laws and regulations, or obtain and maintain required licenses and permits, in a timely manner or at all, may subject us or our PRC subsidiaries to administrative penalties, and the suspension or termination of our business activities in the PRC. See “—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

Dividends and other distributions

 

As of the date of this Amendment No. 1, we have not previously declared or paid any cash dividend or dividend in kind, and we have no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future on its ordinary shares or the ADSs. We currently intend to apply any future earnings to fund the clinical development of cilta-cel, fund the construction and expansion of our manufacturing facilities, fund the commercialization of CARVYKTI and fund the development of our pipeline programs, as well as for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

Legend Biotech is a holding company with no operations of its own. We conduct our operations through our subsidiaries, including our PRC subsidiaries. If the PRC government deems that any of our business operations carried out by our PRC subsidiaries were to be restricted or prohibited from non-PRC investment in the future, we may be required to stop our business operations in the PRC and we could be subject to material penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in the affected operations. Such events could result in a material change in our operations and a material change in the value of our securities, including causing the value of such securities to significantly decline. As we have incurred net losses and negative cash flow from operations historically, none of our subsidiaries have declared or paid any dividends or distributions to Legend Biotech or any investors as of the date of this Amendment No. 1. Instead, we have primarily relied on upfront and milestone payments and interest-bearing borrowings from Janssen Biotech, Inc. under our collaboration and license agreement, proceeds from public offerings and private placements of equity securities, and capital contributions from GenScript to fund business operations of our operating subsidiaries. All the net cash proceeds we receive from financial activities are first deposited in the bank account of Legend Biotech. The funds deposited into Legend Biotech’s accounts are then transferred through Legend Biotech’s applicable subsidiaries to each operating subsidiary to meet its working capital needs primarily through capital contributions or intercompany loans. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, Legend Biotech transferred $61 million and $396.6 million, respectively, through such capital contributions or intercompany loans.

According to the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China and its implementing rules, which jointly established the legal framework for the administration of non-PRC-invested companies, a non-PRC investor may, in accordance with other applicable laws, freely transfer into or out of China its contributions, profits, capital earnings, income from asset disposal, intellectual property rights, royalties acquired, compensation or indemnity legally obtained, and income from liquidation, made or derived within the territory of China in Reiminbi (“RMB”) or any non-PRC currency, and any entity or individual shall not illegally restrict such transfer in terms of the currency, amount and frequency. According to the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China and other PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries may pay dividends only out of their respective accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC

 

7

 


subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits, if any, each year to fund a certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. Where the statutory reserve fund is insufficient to cover any loss the PRC subsidiary incurred in the previous financial year, its current financial year’s accumulated after-tax profits shall first be used to cover the loss before any statutory reserve fund is drawn therefrom. Such statutory reserve funds and the accumulated after-tax profits that are used for covering the loss cannot be distributed to us as dividends. At their discretion, our PRC subsidiaries may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to a discretionary reserve fund. See “—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Our business may be significantly affected by the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law and the “negative list.”

RMB is not freely convertible into other currencies. As result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to use their potential future renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into non-PRC currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Shortages in availability of non-PRC currency may then restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient non-PRC currency to our offshore entities for our offshore entities to pay dividends or make other payments or otherwise to satisfy our non-PRC-currency-denominated obligations. The renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related non-PRC exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account,” which includes non-PRC direct investment and non-PRC currency debt, including loans we may secure for our onshore subsidiaries. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries may purchase non-PRC currency for settlement of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of China (“SAFE”) by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase non-PRC currencies in the future for current account transactions. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and additional restrictions and substantial vetting processes may be instituted by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in renminbi to fund our business activities outside of China or pay dividends in non-PRC currencies to holders of our securities. Non-PRC exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. This could affect our ability to obtain non-PRC currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries. In addition, ADS holders may potentially be subject to PRC taxes on dividends paid by us in the event we are deemed a Chinese resident enterprise for Chinese tax purposes. See “—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Dividends we receive from our subsidiaries located in the PRC may be subject to PRC withholding tax, which could materially and adversely affect the amount of dividends, if any, we may pay our shareholders” and “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—PRC Taxation” for further information.

A.  [Reserved]

B.  Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable.

C.  Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable.

D.  Risk Factors

Our business and our industry are subject to significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this Annual Report and in our other filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including the following risk factors, in evaluating our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

8

 


Risk Factors Summary

The following summary description sets forth an overview of the material risks we are exposed to in the normal course of our business activities. The summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full risk factor discussion immediately following this summary description. We encourage you to read the full risk factor discussion carefully.

Our revenue and expenses are difficult to predict, have varied significantly in the past and will continue to fluctuate significantly in the future due to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. As a result, we may not be profitable on a quarterly or annual basis. Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by any of the following material risks:

Risks Related to the Commercialization of CARVYKTI™ and Our Other Product Candidates

 

We have limited experience as a commercial company and the marketing and sale of CARVYKTI™ or future products may be unsuccessful or have less success than anticipated.

 

The commercial success of CARVYKTI™, and of any future products, will depend upon the degree of market acceptance by physicians, third-party payors and others in the medical community.

 

If the market opportunities for our product or any future products are smaller than we believe they are, and if we are not able to successfully identify patients and achieve significant market share, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business may suffer.

 

We may not be able to successfully create our own manufacturing infrastructure for supply of our requirements of products for use in clinical trials and for commercial sale.

 

We have no prior sales experience and limited capabilities for marketing and market access. We expect to continue to invest significant financial and management resources to establish necessary capabilities and infrastructure to support our commercial needs. If we are unable to establish these commercial capabilities, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to sustain our business.

 

We operate in a rapidly changing industry and face significant competition.

 

Potential product liability risks.

Risks Related to Our Business

 

Our ability to become and remain profitable may never be achieved due to the uncertainty of developing and commercializing complex therapies, and we may never achieve or maintain profitability.

 

Our limited operating history, which has focused on research and development, makes it difficult to assess our future prospects.

 

Our need for additional funding to complete the development of our product candidates, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

 

Our inability to obtain raw materials or key starting materials necessary for product manufacture, such as lentiviral vectors, would adversely affect the clinical development and commercialization of these products, which could, in turn, adversely affect our sales and profitability.

Risks Related to the Development of Our Product Candidates

 

The uncertainties of the biopharmaceutical development process for novel and emergent treatment, including the uncertainty of outcomes of clinical trials, and the potential failure of product candidates to show safety or efficacy.

 

Potential failure to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates.

 

Our primary research and development efforts are focused on CAR-T cell therapies, which are emerging treatments that face significant challenges and hurdles.

 

Our product candidates require significant preclinical study and clinical trials, which can be difficult to design and implement.

 

9

 


 

Our dependence on enrollment of patients in clinical trials for development of our product candidates.

 

Risks associated with investigator-initiated clinical trials, studies that we do not fully control.

 

Certain product opportunities may face limited market opportunities.

 

Adverse side effects or other safety risks associated with our product candidates.

 

Costs and difficulties in the manufacture of complex biologics.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations

 

Economic, political, regulatory and other risks associated with international operations.

 

Potential difficulties in growing operations and attracting and retaining key personnel.

 

Risks associated with potential acquisitions or strategic collaborations.

 

Any failure to comply with various governmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our business.

 

Risks associated with any failure to implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, including any impact as a result of the identified material weakness and any future material weaknesses.

Risks Related to our Dependence on Third Parties

 

Our dependence on third parties, such as Janssen, for development, manufacturing and commercialization of our product candidates.

 

Our reliance on third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials and the potential that such third parties may not perform satisfactorily.

 

The availability of reagents, specialized equipment and other specialty materials.

Risks Related to Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates and Other Legal Compliance Matters

 

The risks and costs associated with complying with a rigorous, complex and evolving regulatory framework, including clinical trial regulations, pre-marketing regulatory requirements, pricing, reimbursement and cost-containment regulations, and ongoing regulation of approved products.

 

The effect of price controls in certain jurisdictions on our revenue and commercialization.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

 

Our ability to obtain, maintain, defend and enforce intellectual property rights in our products and disparities in intellectual property rights throughout the world.

 

The significant cost and complexity associated with intellectual property proceedings.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

 

Risks related to doing business in China, including the impact of extensive Chinese regulation on the pharmaceutical industry.

 

The heightened level of government involvement in the Chinese economy and uncertainties regarding legal protections in the PRC legal system.

 

PRC governmental authorities may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of our ADSs.

 

The adverse effect of an ongoing investigation involving our majority shareholder and former CEO and chairman.

 

PRC regulation of loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries.

 

The PRC government may exert more control over offerings conducted outside the PRC and/or investment by non-PRC investors in issuers with operations in China, which could materially and

 

10

 


 

adversely affect our operations in the PRC, and could significantly limit, delay or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline. For example, the approval of, or filing or other procedures with, the CSRC or other governmental authority may be required in connection with issuing our equity securities outside of the PRC under Chinese law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able, or how long it will take us, to obtain such approval or complete such filing or other procedures.

 

The audit report included in this Annual Report is prepared by an auditor who is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, and, as such, our investors are deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Our ADSs may be delisted under the HFCA Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years as we were identified by the SEC as a Commission-Identified Issuer on May 4, 2022. The delisting of our securities, or the threat of our securities being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives investors of the benefits of such inspections. PRC governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of our ADSs.

 

PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents and enterprises may increase our administrative burden and restrict our non-PRC and cross-border investment activity.

 

Monetary, economic, political, environmental, social, and trade disputes between the U.S. and China.

 

The heightened level of actions by the U.S. Department of Commerce targeting Chinese companies.

Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

 

Our organizational structure may create significant conflicts of interest.

 

The impact of GenScript’s significant control over us as our majority shareholder.

 

The more limited protections afforded to shareholders as a result of our status as a controlled company and a foreign private issuer.

Risks Related to Our Securities

 

The risk that our ADSs will be prohibited from trading on a U.S. national securities exchange, such as The Nasdaq Global Select Market, or in U.S. over-the-counter markets because the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, is unable to inspect or investigate our outside independent auditors due to restrictions imposed by the PRC, where our auditors are located.

 

Risks associated with owning our ADSs, including volatility in our trading price due to our business and financial performance, and risks from dilution of our ADSs and ordinary shares if we issue additional ADSs or other securities.

 

11

 


Risks Related to Commercialization of CARVYKTI™ and Our Other Product Candidates

We have limited experience as a commercial company and the marketing and sale of CARVYKTI™ or future products may be unsuccessful or have less success than anticipated.

Having received FDA approval for CARVYKTI™ on February 28, 2022, we are beginning to commercialize CARVYKTI™ for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. As CARVYKTI™ is our first approved product and the remainder of our product candidates are in clinical development, we have limited experience as a commercial company and there is limited information about our ability to overcome many of the challenges encountered by companies commercializing products in the biopharmaceutical industry. To execute our business plan, in addition to successfully marketing and selling of CARVYKTI™, we, either individually or with a collaboration partner, will need to successfully:

 

establish and maintain relationships with qualified treatment centers who will be treating the patients who receive our product and any future products;

 

obtain adequate pricing and reimbursement for CARVYKTI™ and any future products in each of the jurisdictions in which we plan to commercialize approved products;

 

gain regulatory acceptance for the development and commercialization of the other product candidates in our pipeline; and

 

manage spending as costs and expenses increase due to clinical trials, marketing approvals, and commercialization for any additional indications of CARVYKTI™, and for any future products.

If we are not successful in accomplishing these objectives, we may not be able to develop product candidates, successfully commercialize CARVYKTI™ or any future products, raise capital, expand our business, or continue our operations.

The commercial success of CARVYKTI™, and of any future products, will depend upon the degree of market acceptance by physicians, third-party payors and others in the medical community.

The commercial success of CARVYKTI™ and of any future products will depend in part on the medical community, patients, and third-party or governmental payers accepting new treatments for our targeted indications in general, and CARVYKTI™ and any future products in particular, as medically useful, cost-effective, and safe. CARVYKTI™ and any other products that we may bring to the market may not gain market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payers and others in the medical community. If these products do not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate significant product revenue and may not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of CARVYKTI™ and of any future products will depend on a number of factors, including:

 

the potential efficacy and potential advantages over alternative treatments;

 

the prevalence and severity of any side effects, including any limitations or warnings contained in a product’s approved labeling;

 

the willingness of the target patient population to try new therapies and of physicians to prescribe these therapies;

 

the strength of marketing and distribution support and timing of market introduction of competitive products;

 

the pricing of our product and of any future products;

 

publicity concerning our product, any future products, or competing products and treatments; and

 

sufficient third-party insurance coverage or reimbursement.

Even if a potential product displays a favorable efficacy and safety profile in preclinical and clinical studies, market acceptance of the product will not be known until after it is launched. Our efforts, and the efforts of any of

 

12

 


our collaborators, to educate the medical community and payers on the benefits of our products may require significant resources and may never be successful. These efforts may require more resources than are required by the conventional technologies marketed by certain of our competitors. Any of these factors may cause CARVYKTI™, or any future products, to be unsuccessful or less successful than anticipated.

If the market opportunities for CARVYKTI™ or any future products are smaller than we believe they are, and if we are not able to successfully identify patients and achieve significant market share, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business may suffer.

Our projections regarding the number of people who have the potential to benefit from treatment with CARVYKTI™ or any future products are based on estimates. These estimates have been derived from a variety of sources, including scientific literature, surveys of clinics, patient foundations, or market research, and may prove to be incorrect. Further, new studies may change the estimated incidence or prevalence of the diseases that our product candidates target. The number of patients may turn out to be lower or more difficult to identify than expected.

Even if we obtain significant market share for a product within an approved indication, because the potential target populations for CARVYKTI™ and for the product candidates in our pipeline are small, we may never achieve profitability without obtaining marketing approval for additional indications. In the field of cancer, the FDA often approves new therapies initially only for use in patients with relapsed or advanced disease. For example, the FDA’s approval for CARVYKTI™ indicates that the product is for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.  While we expect to seek approval for CARVYKTI™ in earlier lines of MM treatment and potentially as a first line therapy, there is no guarantee that we will be successful doing so.

Any of these factors may negatively affect our ability to generate revenues from sales of CARVYKTI™ and any future products and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability. As a consequence, our business may suffer.

We may not be able to successfully create our own manufacturing infrastructure for supply of our requirements of product candidates for use in clinical trials and for commercial sale.

We currently have manufacturing facilities in China and the United States supplying clinical materials for our trials. Further, as part of our collaboration with Janssen, we have established a manufacturing facility in the United States for the U.S. commercial supply of CARVYKTI™ and are in the process of establishing manufacturing capabilities in Belgium, which will provide regional product supply and add to our global manufacturing reach.

We will be conducting the manufacturing of cilta-cel globally, which requires that we expand the capacities at these sites as we begin commercialization in the applicable geographic regions following our receipt of marketing authorizations.

Our manufacturing and commercialization strategy is based on establishing a fully integrated vein-to-vein product delivery cycle. Over time, we expect to establish regional or zonal manufacturing hubs to service major markets to meet projected commercial needs. However, we are still in the process of constructing manufacturing facilities that will allow us to meet commercial sale quantities.

Our long-term plan is to establish additional manufacturing capacity in the United States, China and in Europe. The implementation of this plan is subject to many risks. For example, the establishment of a cell-therapy manufacturing facility is a complex endeavor requiring knowledgeable individuals. Expanding our internal manufacturing infrastructure will rely upon finding personnel with an appropriate background and training to staff and operate the facility. Should we be unable to find these individuals, we may need to rely on external contractors or train additional personnel to fill the needed roles. There are a small number of individuals with experience in cell therapy and the competition for these individuals is high.

We expect that operating our own commercial cell manufacturing facilities will provide us with enhanced control of material supply for both clinical trials and the commercial market, enable the more rapid implementation

 

13

 


of process changes, and allow for better long-term cost margins. However, we have limited experience as a company in designing and operating a commercial manufacturing facility and may never be successful in effectively implementing our manufacturing capability. We may establish additional manufacturing sites as we expand our commercial footprint to multiple geographies, which may lead to regulatory delays or prove costly. Even if we are successful, our manufacturing operations could be affected by cost-overruns, unexpected delays, equipment failures, labor shortages, natural disasters, power failures and numerous other factors, or we may not be successful in establishing sufficient capacity to produce CARVYKTI™ or any future products product candidates in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the contemplated launch or to meet potential future demand, all of which could prevent us from realizing the intended benefits of our manufacturing strategy and have a material adverse effect on our business.

Moreover, manufacturers of cell therapy products often encounter difficulties in production, particularly in scaling out and validating initial production, and ensuring that the product meets required specifications. These problems include difficulties with production costs and yields, quality control, including stability of the product, quality assurance testing, operator error, shortages of qualified personnel, as well as compliance with strictly enforced federal, state and foreign regulations. We cannot make any assurances that these problems will not occur in the future, or that we will be able to resolve or address problems that occur in a timely manner or with available funds.

Additionally, since the T cells used as starting material for our drug products have a limited window of stability following procurement from a patient, we must establish and employ complex logistical operations, including collecting and shipping, as part of our manufacturing processes. Logistical and shipment delays and problems caused by us, our agents, and other factors not in our control, such as weather, could prevent or delay the delivery of product to patients. If our manufacturing processes fail to perform satisfactorily, we may suffer reputational, operational, and business harm. We also are required to maintain a complex chain of identity and chain of custody with respect to patient material as it moves through the manufacturing process. Failure to maintain chain of identity and chain of custody could result in adverse patient outcomes, loss of product or regulatory action.

In addition, any significant disruption in the supply chain for starting materials necessary for our manufacturing processes could adversely affect our commercialization efforts.  We source key materials from third party suppliers.  There are a small number of suppliers for certain key materials that are used to manufacture our product and product candidates. We must compete with other market participants for the limited supply of such materials, which may result in increased costs.  Moreover, supply chain constraints with respect to such starting materials may impact the execution of our commercialization efforts.  For example, as a result of supply chain limitations, we are constrained in the amount of CARVYKTI™ that we are able to manufacture at present, which requires that we make complex and challenging distribution determinations with respect to our limited supply.  Such supply chain constraints necessarily limit the commercial benefits that could be achieved from a broader initial distribution.

Finally, to the extent supplies of CARVYKTI™ are limited, we will face bioethical challenges in allocating a limited supply of CARVYKTI™ to a significant patient need.  Because such determinations are highly complex and involve a large number of factors, such allocation decisions may be questioned by third parties.

We believe that our current, robust manufacturing processes are fit for commercial scale and we anticipate they will enable commercial supply at an economical cost. However, we have not yet established manufacturing capacity at full commercial scale and may underestimate the cost and time required to do so, or overestimate cost reductions from economies of scale that can be realized with our manufacturing processes. We may ultimately be unable to manage the cost of goods for our products and product candidates to levels that will allow for a margin in line with our expectations and return on investment in connection with commercialization.

 

14

 


Although we are continuing to build out our commercial capabilities, we have no prior sales or distribution centers and limited capabilities for marketing and market access. We expect to invest significant financial and management resources to establish these capabilities and infrastructure to support commercial operations. If we are unable to establish these commercial capabilities and infrastructure or to enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product or any future products, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to sustain our business.

Although we are continuing to build out our field team as part of our first commercial launch in the United States, we have no prior sales or distribution experience and limited capabilities for marketing and market access. To successfully commercialize CARVYKTI™ and any other products that may result from our development programs, we will need to develop these capabilities and further expand our infrastructure to support commercial operations in the United States, Europe and other regions, either on our own or with others. Commercializing autologous CAR T therapies such as CARVYKTI™ is resource-intensive and will require substantial investment in commercial capabilities. We will be competing with many companies that currently have extensive and well-funded marketing and sales operations. Without a significant internal team or the support of a third party to perform these functions, including marketing and sales functions, we may be unable to compete successfully against these more established companies.

We currently expect to rely heavily on third parties—primarily, our collaboration partner, Janssen—to launch and market CARVYKTI™. If Janssen does not commit sufficient resources to commercialize CARVYKTI™ , we may be unable to generate sufficient product revenue to sustain our business.

We operate in a rapidly changing industry and face significant competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully than we do.

The development and commercialization of new biopharmaceutical products is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological advancements. We face competition from major multi-national pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and specialty pharmaceutical companies with respect to our current and future product candidates that we may develop and commercialize in the future. There are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies. Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations. Due to their promising clinical therapeutic effect in clinical exploratory trials, engineered T cell therapies, redirected T cell therapies in general and antibody-drug conjugates are being pursued by multiple biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Our competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing technologies and products that are more effective, more effectively marketed and sold or less costly than any product candidates that we may develop, which could render our product candidates noncompetitive and obsolete.

Our potential prior line CAR-T cell therapy competitors include companies developing cell therapies targeting BCMA for the treatment of MM, including Allogene, Autolus, bluebird, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Carsgen, Innovent, Poseida Therapeutics, Novartis and Precision Biosciences. Our potential competitors also include additional companies developing BCMA-targeted therapies for the treatment of MM, including Amgen, Regeneron, GSK and Pfizer. In addition, we may compete with cell therapies companies that are focused on development in Asia.

Other than CARVYKTI™, our product candidates are in early stages of development. Our competitors with development-stage programs may obtain marketing approval from the FDA, the NMPA, the European Commission, the PMDA or other comparable regulatory authorities for their product candidates more rapidly than we do with respect to our development-stage product candidates, and they could establish a strong market position for either a product or a specific indication before we are able to enter the market.

Many of our competitors, either alone or with their strategic collaborators, have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than we are in obtaining approval for treatments and achieving widespread market acceptance, which may render our treatments obsolete or noncompetitive. Mergers and acquisitions in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. These competitors also

 

15

 


compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical study sites and patient registration for clinical studies, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies.

Our commercial opportunity—including with respect to CARVYKTI™—could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize products that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient or are less expensive or better reimbursed than any products that we may commercialize.

Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any products that we may develop.

We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of our product candidates in human clinical trials and an even greater risk related to any commercialized products. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that our product candidates or products caused injuries, we will incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:

 

reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy;

 

decreased demand for any product candidates or products that we may develop;

 

injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention;

 

withdrawal of clinical trial participants;

 

initiation of investigations by regulators;

 

product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;

 

significant costs to defend the resulting litigation;

 

substantial monetary awards paid to clinical trial participants or patients;

 

loss of revenue; and

 

the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.

We currently hold $10 million in product liability insurance coverage in the aggregate, with a per incident limit of $10 million, which may not be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. We may need to increase our insurance coverage as we commercialize CARVYKTI™ expand our clinical trials or if we commercialize additional product candidates. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have incurred significant losses in every year since our inception. We expect to continue to incur losses over the next several years and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

Other than with respect to CARVYKTI™’s FDA-approved indication, we are primarily a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history and we have incurred significant net losses since our inception. Our net loss was approximately $403.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. We have funded our operations to date primarily with upfront and milestone payments and interest-bearing borrowings from Janssen under our collaboration and license agreement, with proceeds from public offerings and private placements of equity securities, and with capital contributions from GenScript.

While we had revenue of approximately $68.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, this was attributable to our recognition of milestone payments we received from Janssen in connection with our collaboration and license agreement with Janssen, or the Janssen Agreement. With the exception of our first product, CARVYKTI™, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, on February 28, 2022 for

 

16

 


the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, we have no products approved for commercial sale.  We have not yet generated any revenue from commercial sales of our product candidates, and are devoting substantially all of our financial resources and efforts to the commercialization of CARVYKTI™ and the research and development of cilta-cel and our other CAR-T cell therapy product candidates as well as to building out our manufacturing platform, cell therapy technologies and management team. Investment in biopharmaceutical product development is highly speculative because it entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential product candidate could fail to demonstrate adequate effect or an acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval and become commercially viable.

Except for CARVYKTI™, none of our product candidates have received marketing approval, and we may never be successful in obtaining further marketing approvals or in commercializing product candidates. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. These net losses will adversely impact our shareholders’ deficit and net assets and may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:

 

establish sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure for the commercialization of CARVYKTI™ as well as any other product candidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;

 

continue our ongoing and planned research and development of cilta-cel for the treatment of multiple myeloma (or MM);

 

conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials for any additional product candidates that we may pursue in the future, including ongoing and planned development of additional therapies for the treatment of T cell Lymphoma (or TCL), Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (or NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell), gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and HIV;

 

seek to discover and develop additional product candidates and further expand our clinical product pipeline;

 

seek regulatory approvals for additional product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;

 

continue to scale up manufacturing capacity with the aim of securing sufficient quantities to meet our capacity requirements for clinical trials and commercialization needs;

 

develop, maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio;  

 

acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies;

 

hire additional clinical, quality control and manufacturing personnel;

 

add clinical, operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development and planned commercialization efforts;

 

expand our operations in the United States, China, Europe and other geographies; and

 

incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses associated with operating as a public company.

To become and remain profitable, we must succeed in developing and commercializing products that generate significant revenue. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging activities, including completing preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates, obtaining regulatory approval, manufacturing, marketing and selling any products for which we may obtain regulatory approval, as well as discovering and developing additional product candidates. We may never succeed in these activities and, even if we do, may never generate revenue that is significant enough to achieve profitability.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development, delivery and commercialization of complex autologous and allogeneic cell therapies, we are unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of expenses or when, or if, we will be able to achieve profitability. If we are required by regulatory authorities to perform studies in addition to those currently expected, or if there are any delays in the initiation and

 

17

 


completion of our clinical trials or the development of any of our product candidates, our expenses could increase and profitability could be further delayed.

Even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to become and remain profitable would depress the value of our ADSs and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain our research and development efforts or continue our operations.

Our limited operating history may make it difficult for you to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.

We are primarily a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history. CARVYKTI™, our first approved product, received initial FDA approved on February 28, 2022 and we are now beginning commercialization efforts. As an organization, we have demonstrated limited ability to successfully complete late-stage clinical trials and obtain regulatory approvals, and we have demonstrated no ability to manufacture our product candidates at commercial scale or arrange for a third party to do so on our behalf, conduct sales and marketing activities necessary for successful commercialization, or obtain reimbursement in the countries of sale. We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, and delays in achieving our business objectives. Our short history as an operating company makes any assessment of our future success or viability subject to significant uncertainty. If we do not address these risks successfully or are unable to transition at some point from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities, then our business will be materially harmed.

We will need additional funding to complete the development of our product candidates, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

We will require substantial additional funding to meet our financial needs and to pursue our business objectives. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or altogether cease our product development programs or commercialization efforts.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we will need to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of cilta-cel and our other product candidates and in connection with our continuing operations and other planned activities. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

 

the costs and timing of commercialization activities, including product manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution, for CARVYKTI™ and any other of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

 

the progress, results and costs of laboratory testing, manufacturing, and preclinical and clinical development for our current product candidates;

 

the scope, progress, results and costs of preclinical development, laboratory testing and clinical trials of other product candidates that we may pursue;

 

the development requirements of other product candidates that we may pursue;

 

the timing and amounts of any milestone or royalty payments we may be required to make under future license agreements;

 

the costs of building out our infrastructure, including hiring additional clinical, quality control and manufacturing personnel;

 

the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

 

the amount of revenue we receive pursuant to the Janssen Agreement and the revenue, if any, received from commercial sales of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

 

18

 


 

the costs and timing of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights and defending any intellectual property-related claims;

 

the costs of operating as a public company; and

 

the extent to which we acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies.

In addition to cilta-cel, identifying potential product candidates and conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials is a time-consuming, expensive and uncertain process that takes years to complete, and we may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain regulatory approval and achieve product sales. In addition, our product candidates, if approved, may not achieve commercial success. To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. Accordingly, we will need to continue to rely on additional financing to achieve our business objectives. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish some rights to our technologies or our product candidates on terms that are not favorable to us. Any additional capital-raising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our current and future product candidates, if approved. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to delay, reduce or altogether cease our research and development programs or future commercialization efforts.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by inflation.

While we have not experienced inflationary pressures on our operating costs to date, as we begin to commercialize CARVYKTI™, our business may feel more of an impact. Among other things, competition for labor is becoming more acute, and we expect to experience increased labor costs as we hire employees to support our CARVYKTI™ commercialization efforts. In addition, inflation and higher energy costs may drive increased raw material and transportation costs. There is no assurance that we will be able to fully offset any cost increases through cost reduction programs or setting higher prices for our products. If we generally are not able to set our pricing to sufficiently offset these increased costs or if increased costs and prolonged inflation continue, it could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and profitability. In addition, volatility in certain commodity markets could significantly affect our production cost.

Risks Related to the Development of Our Product Candidates

With the exception of CARVYKTI™, which was approved by FDA on February 28, 2022, all of our product candidates are in clinical development or in preclinical development. If we are unable to continue to advance CARVYKTI™ and to advance our other product candidates through clinical development, obtain regulatory approval and ultimately commercialize our product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

While our first product, CARVYKTI™, was approved by the FDA on February 28, 2022 for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, our success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to advance the development of CARVYKTI™ in earlier lines of MM treatment. In collaboration with Janssen, we are currently conducting a Phase 2 trial of cilta-cel in relapsed or refractory MM, or RRMM, patients in China (CARTIFAN-1) and a Phase 1b/2 trial of in RRMM patients in the United States and Japan (CARTITUDE-1). In November 2019, we and our strategic partner Janssen began enrolling an aggregate of approximately 157 patients in a Phase 2 multicohort trial of cilta-cel in the United States, Europe and Israel (CARTITUDE-2) in patients with MM in various clinical settings such as in early relapse patients or as a front-line therapy. In addition, the Phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 clinical trial, enrolling approximately 400 patients including sites in the United States, Europe, Australia, Japan and Israel has been initiated. This clinical trial is comparing treatment with cilta-cel to treatment of standard triplet therapy in Revlimid-refractory MM. Furthermore, we initiated the Phase 3 CARTITUDE-5 clinical trial during August 2021, targeting enrollment at approximately 650 patients approximately 650 patients, including sites in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, Korea and

 

19

 


Japan. This clinical trial is comparing treatment with cilta-cel to treatment of standard triplet therapy in newly diagnosed MM patients for whom hematopoietic stem cell transplant is not planned as an initial therapy.

In addition to cilta-cel, we have a broad portfolio of earlier-stage autologous product candidates targeting various cancers, including NHL, AML, TCL, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, non small cell lung cancer and HIV, all of which are currently in investigator-initiated Phase 1 clinical trials in China. We are also developing allogeneic CAR-T product candidates targeting CD20 for the treatment of NHL and targeting BCMA for MM, which are currently in investigator-initiated Phase 1 clinical trials in China. We also have several product candidates in early preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors as well as infectious diseases. There is no assurance that these or any other future clinical trials of our product candidates will be successful or will generate positive clinical data and we may not receive marketing approval from the FDA, the PRC’s National Medical Products Administration, or NMPA, the European Commission, or the EC (or the favorable technical/scientific opinion of the European Medicines Agency, or EMA), and the Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency, or PMDA, or other regulatory agencies, for any of our product candidates. On December 14, 2020, we announced that the FDA has cleared the IND application to evaluate LB1901 in relapsed or refractory TCL. There can be no assurance that the FDA will permit the IND applications for our other product candidates to go into effect in a timely manner or at all. Without an IND, we will not be permitted to conduct clinical trials in the United States.

Biopharmaceutical development is a long, expensive and uncertain process, and delay or failure can occur at any stage of any of our clinical trials. Failure to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates will prevent us from commercializing and marketing those product candidates. The success in the development of our product candidates will depend on many factors, including:

 

completing preclinical studies and receiving regulatory authorizations to conduct clinical trials for our preclinical-stage program product candidates;

 

obtaining positive results in our clinical trials to demonstrate efficacy, safety and durability of effect of our product candidates;

 

receiving approvals for commercialization of our product candidates from regulatory authorities;

 

manufacturing our product candidates at an acceptable quality and cost; and

 

maintaining and growing an organization of scientists, medical professionals and business people who can develop and commercialize our products and technology.

Many of these factors are beyond our control, including the time needed to adequately complete clinical testing and the regulatory submission process. It is possible that none of our product candidates will ever obtain regulatory approval, even if we expend substantial time and resources seeking such approval. If we do not achieve one or more of these factors in a timely manner or at all, or any other factors impacting the successful development of biopharmaceutical products, we could experience significant delays or an inability to successfully develop our product candidates, which would materially harm our business.

 

20

 


Our proprietary, next-generation CAR-T cell preparation technologies, our modular approach for CAR-T and our manufacturing platform for our CAR-T product candidates, represent emerging approaches to cancer treatment that face significant challenges and hurdles.

We have concentrated our primary research and development efforts on our CAR-T cell therapies using our expertise in tumor biology and cell programming, and our future success is highly dependent on the successful development and manufacture of our CAR-T product candidates. With the exception of our first product, CARVYKTI™, which was approved by the FDA on February 28, 2022 for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, we do not currently have any approved products, nor do we have any commercialized products. As with other targeted therapies, off-tumor or off-target activity could delay development or require us to reengineer or abandon a particular product candidate. Because CAR-T cell therapies represent a relatively new field of cellular immunotherapy and cancer treatment generally, developing and commercializing our product candidates subjects us to a number of risks and challenges, including:

 

obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates, as the FDA, the NMPA, the European Commission, the PMDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with CAR-T therapies for cancer;

 

developing and deploying consistent and reliable processes for engineering a patient’s T cells ex vivo and infusing the engineered T cells back into the patient;

 

conditioning patients with chemotherapy in conjunction with delivering each of our products, which may increase the risk of adverse side effects of our product candidates;

 

sourcing clinical and commercial supplies of the materials used to manufacture CARVYKTI™ and our product candidates;

 

developing programming modules with the desired properties, while avoiding adverse reactions;

 

creating and obtaining a sufficient supply of viral vectors capable of delivering multiple programming modules;

 

developing a reliable and consistent vector and cell manufacturing process;

 

establishing manufacturing capacity suitable for the manufacture of our product candidates in line with expanding enrollment in our clinical studies and our projected commercial requirements;

 

achieving cost efficiencies in the scale-up of our manufacturing capacity;

 

developing protocols for the safe administration of our product candidates;

 

educating medical personnel regarding our CAR-T technologies and the potential side effect profile of each of our product candidates, such as potential adverse side effects related to CRS;

 

establishing integrated solutions in collaboration with specialty treatment centers in order to reduce the burdens and complex logistics commonly associated with the administration of T cell therapies;

 

establishing sales and marketing capabilities to successfully launch and commercialize CARVYKTI™ and any other of our product candidates if and when we obtain any required regulatory approvals, and risks associated with gaining market acceptance of a novel therapy if we receive approval; and

 

the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors for our novel and personalized therapies in connection with commercialization of any approved product candidates.

We may not be able to successfully develop our CAR-T product candidates, our technology or our other product candidates in a manner that will yield products that are safe, effective, scalable or profitable.

 

21

 


Additionally, because our technology involves the genetic modification of patient cells ex vivo, we are subject to additional regulatory challenges and risks, including:

 

regulatory requirements governing gene and cell therapy products have changed frequently and may continue to change in the future. To date, only four CAR-T cell therapy products that involve the genetic modification of patient cells have been approved in the United States and three in the European Union, and none have been approved in China;

 

genetically modified products in the event of improper insertion of a gene sequence into a patient’s chromosome could lead to lymphoma, leukemia or other cancers, or other aberrantly functioning cells;

 

although our viral vectors are not able to replicate, there is a risk with the use of retroviral or lentiviral vectors that they could lead to new or reactivated pathogenic strains of virus or other infectious diseases; and

 

the FDA recommends a 15-year follow-up observation period for all patients who receive treatment using gene therapies, and we may need to adopt such an observation period for our product candidates.

Moreover, public perception and awareness of cell therapy safety issues may adversely influence the willingness of subjects to participate in clinical trials of our product candidates or of physicians to prescribe approved products. Physicians, hospitals and third-party payors often are slow to adopt new products, technologies and treatment practices that require additional upfront costs and training. Treatment centers may not be willing or able to devote the personnel and establish other infrastructure required for the administration of CAR-T cell therapies. Physicians may not be willing to undergo training to adopt this novel and personalized therapy, may decide the therapy is too complex to adopt without appropriate training and may choose not to administer the therapy. Based on these and other factors, hospitals and payors may decide that the benefits of this new therapy do not or will not outweigh its costs.

Our future success is highly dependent on the regulatory approval of cilta-cel and our other pipeline programs. All of our product candidates require significant preclinical study and clinical trial before we can seek regulatory approval for and launch a product commercially.

With the exception of our first product, CARVYKTI™, which was approved by the FDA on February 28, 2022 for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, we do not have any products that have gained regulatory approval for marketing. Our business is substantially dependent on our ability to further advance the development of CARVYKTI™, obtain regulatory approval for cilta-cel in other jurisdictions and for additional indications, obtain regulatory approval of our other product candidates, and commercialize CARVYKTI™ and, if approved, our other product candidates. We cannot commercialize product candidates in the United States without first obtaining regulatory approval for the product from the FDA; similarly, we cannot commercialize product candidates in countries outside the United States without obtaining regulatory approval from comparable regulatory authorities in relevant jurisdictions, such as the NMPA in China, the European Commission, on the basis of the technical / scientific opinion issued by the EMA, in the European Union and the PMDA in Japan. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate for a particular indication, we must demonstrate with substantial evidence gathered in preclinical and clinical studies that the product candidate is safe and effective for that indication and that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls comply with regulatory requirements with respect to such product candidate. Prior to seeking approval for any of our product candidates, we will need to confer with the FDA, the NMPA, the EMA, the PMDA and other regulatory authorities regarding the design of our clinical trials and the type and amount of clinical data necessary to seek and gain approval for our product candidates.

The time required to obtain marketing approval by the FDA, the NMPA, the EC, the PMDA and other regulatory authorities is unpredictable but typically takes many years following the commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of preclinical and clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s research and development and

 

22

 


may vary among jurisdictions. It is possible that none of our existing clinical- or preclinical-stage product candidates or any future product candidates will ever obtain regulatory approval.

Our product candidates could fail to receive marketing regulatory approval from the FDA, the NMPA, the European Commission, the PMDA or other regulatory authorities for many reasons, including:

 

disagreement with the design, protocol or conduct of our clinical trials;

 

failure to demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective for its proposed indication;

 

failure of clinical trials to meet the level of statistical significance required for approval;

 

failure to demonstrate that a product candidate’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its risks;

 

disagreement with our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;

 

insufficiency of data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates to support the submission and filing of a BLA or other submission or to obtain regulatory approval;

 

failure to obtain approval of the manufacturing processes of our facilities;

 

changes in the approval policies or regulations that render our preclinical and clinical data insufficient for approval; or

 

lack of adequate funding to complete a clinical trial in a manner that is satisfactory to the applicable regulatory authority.

The FDA, the NMPA, the EMA, the PMDA or a comparable regulatory authority may require more information, including additional preclinical or clinical data to support approval, including data that would require us to perform additional preclinical studies, clinical trials, or both, or modify our manufacturing processes, which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program. If we change our manufacturing processes, we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials or other studies, which also could delay or prevent approval of our product candidates. If we obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer indications than we request (including failing to approve the most commercially promising indications), may impose warnings and restrictions on prescription and distribution, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials or other post-marketing commitments, or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate.

While cilta-cel has received orphan drug designation and breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA, has been granted access to the PRIME scheme from the EMA, and received confirmation that the product is eligible for accelerated assessment, our development strategy may also include the use of additional expedited pathways, such as through the accelerated or contingent approval pathway. Depending on results of the preclinical and clinical trials in our other product candidates, we may also pursue such status for those candidates. There is no certainty that our product candidates will qualify for breakthrough therapy, orphan drug, or obtain or maintain access to the PRIME scheme, nor can we assume that the clinical data obtained from trials of our product candidates will be sufficient to qualify for any expedited approval program.

Even if a product candidate were to successfully obtain marketing approval from the FDA, the NMPA, the European Commission, the PMDA or other comparable regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions, any approval might contain significant limitations related to use restrictions for specified age groups, warnings, precautions or contraindications, or may be subject to burdensome post-approval study or risk management requirements. If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for one of our product candidates in one or more jurisdictions, or any approval contains significant limitations, we may not be able to obtain sufficient funding to continue the development of that product or generate revenue attributable to that product candidate. Also, any regulatory approval of our current or future product candidates, once obtained, may be withdrawn.

 

23

 


We may not be successful in our efforts to build a pipeline of product candidates.

A key element of our strategy is to use our expertise in tumor biology and cell programming and our proprietary and modular CAR-T cell programming technologies to develop what we believe are safer and more effective CAR-T cell therapies. Our initial focus is on the development of a pipeline of product candidates for the treatment of hematological cancers and the progression of these product candidates through clinical development. We also intend to develop follow-on, or next-generation, product candidates with additional elements of programming built into the programmed CAR-T cell product candidate to offer enhanced characteristics as compared to the earlier product generation, as well as developing additional cell therapy product candidates. However, we may not be able to develop product candidates that are safe and effective, or which compare favorably with other commercially available alternatives. Even if we are successful in continuing to build our pipeline and developing next-generation product candidates or expanding into solid tumor indications, the potential product candidates that we identify may not be suitable for clinical development, including as a result of lack of safety, lack of tolerability, lack of anti-tumor activity, or other characteristics that indicate that they are unlikely to be products that will receive marketing approval, achieve market acceptance or obtain reimbursements from third-party payors. We cannot provide you any assurance that we will be able to successfully advance any of these additional product candidates through the development process. Our research programs may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, yet fail to yield product candidates for clinical development or commercialization for many reasons, including the following:

 

our platform may not be successful in identifying additional product candidates;

 

we may not be able or willing to assemble sufficient resources to acquire or discover additional product candidates;

 

our product candidates may not succeed in preclinical or clinical testing;

 

a product candidate may on further study be shown to have harmful side effects or other characteristics that indicate it is unlikely to be effective or otherwise does not meet applicable regulatory criteria;

 

competitors may develop alternatives that render our product candidates obsolete or less attractive;

 

product candidates we develop may nevertheless be covered by third parties’ patents or other exclusive rights;

 

the market for a product candidate may change during our development program so that the continued development of that product candidate is no longer reasonable;

 

a product candidate may not be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost, or at all; and

 

a product candidate may not be accepted as safe and effective by patients, the medical community or third-party payors, if applicable.

If any of these events occur, we may be forced to abandon our development efforts for a program or programs, or we may not be able to identify, discover, develop or commercialize additional product candidates, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and could potentially cause us to cease operations.

Even if we receive FDA or other regulatory approval to market our product candidates, whether for the treatment of cancers or other diseases, we cannot assure you that any such product candidates will be successfully commercialized, widely accepted in the marketplace or more effective than other commercially available alternatives. Further, because of our limited financial and managerial resources, we are required to focus our research programs on certain product candidates and on specific diseases. As a result, we may fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities, be required to forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or other diseases that may later prove to have greater commercial potential, or relinquish valuable rights to such product candidates through collaboration, licensing or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights.

 

24

 


If we do not successfully develop and commercialize product candidates or collaborate with others to do so, we will not be able to obtain product revenue in future periods, which could significantly harm our financial position and adversely affect the trading price of our ADSs.

Our preclinical programs may experience delays or may never advance to clinical trials, which would adversely affect our ability to obtain regulatory approvals or commercialize these product candidates on a timely basis or at all, which would have an adverse effect on our business.

Some of our product candidates are still in the preclinical development stage, and the risk of failure of preclinical programs is high. Before we can commence clinical trials for a product candidate, we must complete extensive preclinical testing and studies to obtain regulatory clearance to initiate human clinical trials, including based on IND applications in the United States and clinical trial applications, or CTAs, in China and the European Union. We cannot be certain of the timely completion or outcome of our preclinical testing and studies and cannot predict if the FDA, the NMPA, the PMDA or other regulatory authorities will accept our proposed clinical programs or if the outcome of our preclinical testing and studies will ultimately support the further development of our programs. As a result, we cannot be sure that we will be able to submit IND applications or similar applications for our preclinical programs on the timelines we expect, if at all, and we cannot be sure that submission of IND applications or similar applications will result in the FDA, the NMPA, the PMDA or other regulatory authorities allowing clinical trials to begin.

Clinical trials are difficult to design and implement, involve uncertain outcomes and may not be successful.

Human clinical trials are difficult to design and implement, in part because they are subject to rigorous regulatory requirements. The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product candidate and flaws in the design of a clinical trial may not become apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced. As an organization, we have limited experience designing clinical trials and may be unable to design and execute clinical trials that support regulatory approvals. There is a high failure rate for biologic products proceeding through clinical trials, which may be higher for our product candidates because they are based on new technology and engineered on a patient-by-patient basis. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials even after achieving promising results in preclinical testing and earlier-stage clinical trials. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are subject to varying interpretations, which may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. In addition, we may experience regulatory delays or rejections as a result of many factors, including changes in regulatory policy during the period of our product candidate development. Any such delays could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Success in preclinical studies or clinical trials may not be indicative of results in future clinical trials.

Results from preclinical studies are not necessarily predictive of future clinical trial results, and interim results of a clinical trial are not necessarily indicative of final results. While we have received positive data from previously completed and ongoing clinical trials of cilta-cel in RRMM, we are still in the process of conducting additional clinical trials in the United States, China, Japan, several countries in Europe, Australia and Korea in order to seek regulatory approvals. Our other product candidates are in earlier stages of development. For that reason, we do not know whether these candidates will be effective and safe for the intended indications in humans. Our product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy in clinical development despite positive results in preclinical studies or having successfully advanced through initial clinical trials. This failure to establish sufficient efficacy and safety could cause us to abandon clinical development of our product candidates.

 

25

 


We depend on enrollment of patients in our clinical trials for our product candidates. If we encounter difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our clinical development activities could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

Identifying and qualifying patients to participate in clinical trials of our product candidates is critical to our success. We may experience difficulties in patient enrollment in our clinical trials for a variety of reasons. The timely completion of clinical trials in accordance with the protocols depends, among other things, on our ability to enroll a sufficient number of patients who remain in the study until its conclusion. The enrollment of patients depends on many factors, including:

 

the patient eligibility criteria defined in the protocol;

 

the number of patients with the disease or condition being studied;

 

the understanding of risks and benefits of the product candidate in the trial;

 

clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the product candidate being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating or drugs that may be used off-label for these indications;

 

the size and nature of the patient population who meet inclusion criteria;

 

the proximity of patients to study sites;

 

the design of the clinical trial;

 

clinical trial investigators’ ability to recruit clinical trial investigators with the appropriate competencies and experience;

 

competing clinical trials for similar therapies or other new therapeutics not involving T cell-based immunotherapy;

 

our ability to obtain and maintain patient consents; and

 

the risk that patients enrolled in clinical trials will drop out of the clinical trials before completion of their treatment.

In particular, some of our clinical trials are designed to enroll patients with characteristics that are found in a very small population. Other companies are conducting clinical trials with cell therapies in MM and for other conditions that are targeted by our research, and seek to enroll patients in their studies that may otherwise be eligible for our clinical trials, which could lead to slow recruitment and delays in our clinical programs. In addition, since the number of qualified clinical investigators is limited, we expect to conduct some of our clinical trials at the same clinical trial sites that some of our competitors use, which could further reduce the number of patients who are available for our clinical trials in these clinical trial sites. Moreover, because our product candidates represent a departure from more commonly used methods for cancer treatment, potential patients and their doctors may be inclined to use conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and antibody therapy, rather than participating in our clinical trials.

Delays in patient enrollment may result in increased costs or may affect the timing or outcome of the planned clinical trials, which could prevent completion of these clinical trials and adversely affect our ability to advance the development of our product candidates. In addition, many of the factors that may lead to a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

We have studied our product candidates and plan to continue to study our product candidates in investigator- initiated clinical trials, which means we do not have full control over the conduct of such trials.

We are currently evaluating our product candidates in investigator-initiated clinical trials. In addition, part of our strategy is to continue to explore new opportunities for cell therapy in investigator-initiated clinical trials in China, where such trials are initiated and conducted under the oversight of the China National Health Commission (NHC) as a medical practice technology, rather than the NMPA as a medical product. The NMPA, generally

 

26

 


speaking, will accept, review, and reject or approve a CTA only from the manufacturer of the investigational product as the sponsor of the CTA, rather than from a physician who intends to be the investigator and sponsor of the CTA. The NMPA distinguishes the former as registrational clinical trial, and the latter as non-registrational clinical trial, and normally will not consider the data generated from investigator-initiated non-registrational clinical trials, when it reviews the application for registrational clinical trial from the manufacturer.

In the case of CAR-T therapy, however, the NMPA is aware of the large number of investigator-initiated non-registrational clinical trials in China and the United States, and certain reviewers from its Center for Drug Evaluation published two articles on its website in February 2018 and October 2018, expressing the view that (1) the mainstream regulatory oversight is to follow the pathway of registrational clinical trial, but that (2) data from investigator-initiated non-registrational clinical trials may be considered if the non-registrational clinical trials otherwise fully comply with the same requirements applicable to registrational clinical trials -, in particular the requirements related to manufacturing quality control, informed consent, data integrity, data management, and all GCP requirements.

Accordingly, our strategy of continuing to explore new opportunities for cell therapy in investigator-initiated clinical trials in China exposes us to the risk that the NMPA may refuse to consider the data from the investigator- initiated clinical trials of our product candidates due to concerns that (1) this does not follow the mainstream regulatory pathway of relying on registrational clinical trial, or that (2) the non-registrational clinical trials of our product candidates may not otherwise fully comply with the same requirements applicable to registrational clinical trials, as further explained below.

Investigator-initiated clinical trials pose similar risks as those set forth elsewhere in this section relating to clinical trials initiated by us. While investigator-initiated trials may provide us with clinical data that can inform our future development strategy, we do not have full control over the protocols, administration, or conduct of the trials. As a result, we are subject to risks associated with the way investigator-initiated trials are conducted and there is no assurance the clinical data from any of our investigator-initiated clinical trials in China will be accepted by the FDA, EMA, PMDA or other comparable regulatory authorities outside of China for any of our product candidates. Third parties in such investigator-initiated clinical trials may not perform their responsibilities for our clinical trials on our anticipated schedule or consistent with clinical trial protocols or applicable regulations. Further, any data integrity issues or patient safety issues arising out of any of these trials would be beyond our control, yet could adversely affect our reputation and damage the clinical and commercial prospects for our product candidates. Additional risks include difficulties or delays in communicating with investigators or administrators, procedural delays and other timing issues, and difficulties or differences in interpreting data. Third-party investigators may design clinical trials with clinical endpoints that are more difficult to achieve, or in other ways that increase the risk of negative clinical trial results compared to clinical trials that we may design on our own, and they may elect to discontinue these trials, even if we believe they have scientific merit. As a result, our lack of control over the design, conduct and timing of, and communications with the FDA, NMPA, EMA and PMDA, other comparable regulatory authorities, and relevant Institutional Review Boards and Ethics Committees regarding investigator-initiated trials expose us to additional risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, and the occurrence of which could adversely affect the prospects for our product candidates.

Furthermore, there is no assurance the clinical data from any of our investigator-initiated clinical trials in China, where the patients are predominately of Chinese descent, will produce similar results in patients of different races, ethnicities or those of non-Chinese descent.

The market opportunities for certain of our product candidates may be limited to those patients who are ineligible for or have failed prior treatments and may be small, and our projections regarding the size of the addressable market may be incorrect.

Cancer therapies are sometimes characterized as first line, second line or third line therapies, and the FDA often approves new therapies initially only for last line use. When blood cancers are detected, they are treated with first line of therapy with the intention of curing the cancer. This generally consists of chemotherapy, radiation, antibody drugs, tumor-targeted small molecules, or a combination of these. In addition, sometimes a bone marrow transplantation can be added to the first line therapy after the combination chemotherapy is given. If the patient’s cancer relapses, then they are given a second line or third line therapy, which can consist of more chemotherapy,

 

27

 


radiation, antibody drugs, tumor-targeted small molecules, or a combination of these, or bone marrow transplant. Generally, the higher the line of therapy, the lower the chance of a cure. With third or higher line, the goal of the therapy in the treatment of lymphoma and myeloma is to control the growth of the tumor and extend the life of the patient, as a cure is unlikely to happen. Patients are generally referred to clinical trials in these situations.

While CARVYKTI™ has been approved by FDA as a later line therapy for patients with MM, there is no guarantee that cilta-cel will be approved for earlier lines of therapy, nor is there any guarantee that any of our other product candidates, even if approved, will be approved for earlier lines of therapy. In addition, we may have to conduct additional large randomized clinical trials prior to or post gaining approval for the earlier line of therapy.

Our projections of both the number of people who have the cancers we are targeting, as well as the size of the patient population subset of people with these cancers in a position to receive first, second, third and fourth line therapy and who have the potential to benefit from treatment with our product candidates, are based on our beliefs and estimates. These estimates have been derived from a variety of sources, including scientific literature, surveys of clinics, patient foundations, or market research and may prove to be incorrect. Further, new studies may change the estimated incidence or prevalence of these cancers. The number of patients may turn out to be fewer than expected. Additionally, the potentially addressable patient population for our product candidates may be limited or may not be amenable to treatment with our product candidates. For instance, in our ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial for LB1901, we will seek to enroll patients with relapsed or refractory TCL, a rare and heterogeneous form of NHL. Even if we obtain significant market share for our product candidates, because the potential target populations are small, we may never achieve significant revenue without obtaining regulatory approval for additional indications or as part of earlier lines of therapy.

Adverse side effects or other safety risks associated with our product candidates could delay or preclude approval, cause us to suspend or discontinue clinical trials, cause us to abandon product candidates, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval.

In clinical trials conducted by us and other companies involving CAR-T cells, the most prominent acute toxicities included symptoms thought to be associated with CRS, such as fever, low blood pressure and kidney dysfunction. Some patients also experienced toxicity of the central nervous system, or neurotoxicity, such as confusion, tremor, cranial nerve dysfunction, seizures, encephalopathy and speech impairment. Adverse events with the worst grades and attributed to CAR-T cells were severe and life threatening in some patients. The life threatening events were related to respiratory dysfunction and neurotoxicity. Severe and life threatening toxicities occurred mostly in the first two weeks after cell infusion and generally resolved within three weeks, but several patients died in clinical trials involving CAR-T cells, including in our clinical trials. Furthermore, other patients experienced serious adverse events at later stages in treatment follow-up, such as cytopenias, infections and neurotoxicity.

In the LEGEND-2 clinical trial, CRS was observed in over 90 percent of patients. Low grade CRS, experienced by 82 percent of patients, was managed with standard therapies and resolved. One patient died of a CAR-T related toxicity as a result of CRS and tumor lysis syndrome. A second patient died from a potential pulmonary embolism and acute coronary syndrome, which was considered unrelated to treatment by the investigator. In the Phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 clinical trial, as of February 11, 2021, CRS was reported in 95 percent of patients. Total CAR-T cell neurotoxicity of any grade was observed in 21 percent of patients, with Grade 3 or higher neurotoxicity observed in 10 percent of patients. There were twenty one deaths during the Phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 trial: ten due to disease progression, 6 were treatment-related as assessed by the investigator, and 5 were due to adverse events unrelated to treatment.

Our clinical trials include cancer patients who are very sick and whose health is deteriorating, and we expect that additional clinical trials of our other product candidates will include similar patients with deteriorating health. It is possible that some of these patients may experience similar adverse side effects as were observed in our current clinical trials and in clinical trials conducted by other companies and academic institutions involving CAR-T cells, and that additional patients may die during our clinical trials for various reasons, including as a result of receiving our product candidates, because the patient’s disease is too advanced, or because the patient experiences medical problems that may not be related to our product candidate. Even if the deaths are not related to our product candidate, the deaths could affect perceptions regarding the safety of our product candidate.

 

28

 


Patient deaths and severe side effects caused by our product candidates, or by products or product candidates of other companies that are thought to have similarities with our product candidates, could result in the delay, suspension, clinical hold or termination of clinical trials by us, Ethics Committees, the FDA, the NMPA, the PMDA or other regulatory authorities for a number of reasons. If we elect or are required to delay, suspend or terminate any clinical trial of any product candidates that we develop, the commercial prospects of such product candidates will be harmed and our ability to generate product revenue from any of these product candidates would be delayed or eliminated. Serious adverse events observed in clinical trials could hinder or prevent market acceptance of the product candidate at issue. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations significantly.

Additionally, for CARVYKTI™ or any other of our product candidates that receives marketing approval, if we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by that product, including during any long-term follow-up observation period recommended or required for patients who receive treatment using the product or during additional clinical trials or required Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMs, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

 

regulatory authorities may withdraw approvals of such product;

 

regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label;

 

if a REMS is not already required for such product, we may be required to create a REMS or similar risk management plan, which could include a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients, a communication plan for healthcare providers and/or other elements to assure safe use;

 

we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and

 

our reputation may suffer.

Any of the foregoing could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

If the clinical trials of any of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA, the NMPA, the EMA, the PMDA or other comparable regulatory authorities, or do not otherwise produce favorable results, we may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our product candidates.

We may not commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate without obtaining marketing approval from the FDA, the NMPA, the European Commission, the PMDA or other comparable regulatory authority, and we may never receive such approvals for our product candidates in development. It is impossible to predict accurately when or if any of these product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans and will receive regulatory approval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the commercial sale of any of our product candidates, we must demonstrate through lengthy, complex and expensive preclinical studies and clinical trials that our product candidates are both safe and effective for use in each proposed indication. Clinical trials are expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and are uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of clinical development.

We may experience numerous unforeseen events prior to, during or as a result of clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize any of our product candidates, including:

 

the FDA, the NMPA, the EMA, the PMDA or other comparable regulatory authority may disagree as to the number, design or implementation of our clinical trials, or may not interpret the results from clinical trials as we do;

 

regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;

 

we may not reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different clinical trial sites;

 

29

 


 

clinical trials of our product candidates may produce negative or inconclusive results;